Methodology of Primary Education and Its Current Status

Abstract

Primary education serves as the cornerstone for lifelong learning and development, laying the foundation for academic achievement, socialization, and critical thinking skills. Over the years, primary education methodologies have evolved in response to changing educational philosophies, cultural shifts, technological advancements, and research findings on effective teaching practices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of primary education methodologies, examining key approaches, their theoretical underpinnings, current status, and future trends. Traditional teacher-centered approaches, progressive child-centered methodologies, Montessori methods, constructivism, technology-integrated learning, and inquiry-based learning are explored in depth, highlighting their respective contributions to enhancing student engagement, fostering critical thinking skills, and promoting personalized learning experiences. Drawing on a synthesis of literature from educational psychology, pedagogy, and curriculum development, this article offers insights into the complex landscape of primary education methodologies and provides valuable considerations for educators, policymakers, and researchers striving to optimize teaching and learning outcomes in primary education settings.